Relationship between the level of antiglycan antibodies in the blood and clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by moderate preeclampsia

One of the new trends in the study of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) is the study of the development of glycopathology in the functional mother-placenta-fetus system. Given the importance of carbohydrate-protein interactions for the morphogenesis of the placenta, interactions in the immune system, and the formation of tolerance to fetal alloantigens, anti-glycan antibodies (AgAbs), which can interfere with these interactions, changing them, may play a special role in the pathogenesis of PE. Since the production of antibodies occurs against the background of existing natural antibodies, as well as adaptive ones acquired during life, it is obvious that there are a significant number of factors that are interrelated with AgAbs, which is important for the pathogenesis and identification of risk factors for the disease. Objective: to determine the relationship between the content of AgAbs in the blood and clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with physiological pregnancy and PE.
The study includes 146 pregnant women: the main group I consisted of 51 patients with moderate PE, the comparison group – 95 conditionally healthy pregnant women. Clinical and anamnestic data, peculiarities of the course of pregnancy, data of laboratory examinations, data of a representative spectrum of AgAbs were studied. AgAbs (IgG and IgM) were studied in serum using a glycoarray containing 473 glycans and 216 polysaccharides. To determine the relationship between the variables, the nonparametric Spearman rank correlation method was used for the analysis of quantitative data, and the Wilcoxon T-test for the analysis of qualitative data.
It was found that in the main group there were more correlations between the level of AgAbs of various specificities and clinical and laboratory parameters than in the comparison group. A burdened gynecological and infectious history, complications during pregnancy are associated with changes in the profile of AgAbs of both classes in patients whose pregnancy is complicated by moderate PE, which indicates the pathogenetic significance of these antibodies. In healthy pregnant women, the level of antibodies to a number of glycans is reciprocally related to the number of lymphocytes, platelets, and ALT, which may indicate the regulatory role of these antibodies, since lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and increased transaminases in the blood are pathological conditions.
The revealed relationships between the AgAbs level and clinical-anamnestic and laboratory parameters indicate different patterns of correlation relationships in health and disease, which apparently indicates the pathogenetic